A Simple Reconfigurable Antenna with Polarization Agility in Three Frequency Bands: Design, Simulation and Numerical Validation

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ABSTRACT In this paper, a simple reconfigurable antenna with polarization agility across three switchable frequency bands is proposed and rigorously modeled using two full‐wave electromagnetic solvers. The simulation results confirm that the antenna successfully tunes to the selected center frequencies of 4.4, 4.7, and 5.18 GHz, with corresponding impedance bandwidths of 4.3–4.52, 4.65–4.83, and 5.12–5.2 GHz, respectively, while achieving reconfigurable circular polarization (CP) in all bands. Notably, the proposed design uses only two varactor diodes for both frequency tuning and polarization control, making it one of the simplest and most cost‐effective implementations reported in the open literature. Despite this simplicity, it achieves a wide tuning range (TR) of 16.28%, an acceptable –10 dB impedance bandwidth () BW, excellent axial ratio bandwidth (AR BW) at all operating frequencies, and a high spectrum utilization efficiency of 50%.

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