Development of bioplastics based on foxtail millet (Setaria italica) seed starch using CaCO3 as a filler and glycerol as a plasticizer through melt intercalation method

Le résumé fourni par la source

Starch-based bioplastics have attracted significant attention as a promising alternative to conventional plastics. One potential starch source for bioplastic production is foxtail millet (Setaria italica) seed starch. However, starch-based bioplastics exhibit low mechanical strength and high hydrophilicity, necessitating the addition of fillers and plasticizers to improve their physico-mechanical properties. This study developed the bioplastics using foxtail millet seed starch as the polymer matrix, with the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a filler and glycerol as a plasticizer. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CaCO3 concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) on the morphological structure, elemental composition, functional groups, as well as physical and mechanical properties of the bioplastics. The bioplastics were fabricated using the melt intercalation method, which involve a solvent phase inversion principle. The results showed that the increasing of CaCO3 concentration resulted in higher density and modulus of elasticity, but reduced tensile strength. The bioplastic with 2% CaCO3 showed the most optimal physical and mechanical characteristics, achieving a tensile strength of 8.18 MPa. SEM-EDX revealed that the starch particles exhibit a semi-hexagonal shape with a particle size of approximately 10 μm. The addition of 2% CaCO3 led to a denser bioplastic structure. Elemental analysis indicated the bioplastics were composed of oxygen (71.5%), carbon (15.6%), nitrogen (8.4%), calcium (2.6%), and phosphorus (1.9%). FTIR analysis showed an absorption at 1413.60 cm⁻1 which indicating the presence of CaCO3, and at 2927.95 cm⁻1 which corresponding to O–H stretching from glycerol

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