Mechanical Evaluation of Canine Cementless Total Hip Replacement Broaches: Effect of Tooth Design on Broach and Stem Insertion

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Introduction: The Biomedtrix BFX cementless total hip replacement (THR) requires femoral broaches to prepare a press-fit envelope within the femur. Current broaches contain teeth that crush and remove cancellous bone; however, they are not well-suited for broaching femurs with sclerotic bone. The objectives of this study were to determine the broaching performance of two new broach tooth patterns and to determine the effect of broach tooth design change on stem insertion and subsidence. Materials and Methods: Three tooth designs [Control, TG1 (additional V-grooves), TG2 (diamond tooth pattern)] were evaluated using a quasi-static testing protocol and polyurethane test blocks simulating normal and sclerotic bone. Cumulative broaching energy and peak loads during broach insertion were determined. A BFX stem was inserted into prepared test blocks and insertion and subsidence energy and peak loads were determined. Results: In both low and high density test blocks, TG1 generated the lowest cumulative broaching energy (10.76 ± 0.29 J and 32.60 ± 2.54 J, respectively). Stem insertion energy for high density test blocks prepared with Control broaches (14.53 ± 0.81 J) was significantly lower than blocks prepared with TG1 (22.53 ± 1.04 J) or TG2 (19.38 ± 3.00 J) broaches. For stem subsidence testing in high density blocks, TG1 prepared blocks required the highest amount of energy to undergo subsidence (14.49 ± 0.49 J), which was significantly greater than Control or TG2 broaches. Discussion/Conclusion: The additional V-grooves in TG1 broaches demonstrated improved broaching performance and press-fit envelopes that were more resistant to stem insertion and subsidence. Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the GINN Fund, an internal grant through the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Publication History Article published online: 16 September 2024 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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