Persistent Painless Skin Lesions Following a Trip to the Amazon Forest in Peru

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Plain Language Summary The incidence of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has declined with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, disseminated NTM infection remains a severe infection with high mortality rates. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of disseminated NTM infections among PLHIV. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Ovid SP from inception up until to January 31, 2024. Pool estimates were calculated using the random-effects generic inverse variance model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). All statistical analysis was conducted in R programming. Sixteen studies comprised 3480 patients diagnosed with disseminated NTM infection among PLHIV. The prevalence of disseminated NTM infection in PLHIV was 4% (95% CI, 1%–14%). The prevalence of disseminated NTM infection in PLHIV with positive NTM isolation was 29% (95% CI, 9%–63%). The most common NTM isolated was Mycobacterium avium complex (79.0%; 95% CI, 57.3%–91.4%). The overall mortality rate was 33% (95% CI, 20%–49%). The incidence of disseminated NTM infection was low among PLHIV. However, the mortality rate remains high, despite the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Plain Language SummaryThis study reviews the prevalence and clinical characteristics of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite the decline in incidence due to highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated NTM infections still pose a significant threat with high mortality rates. Analyzing data from 16 studies involving 3480 patients, the prevalence of disseminated NTM infection among PLHIV was found to be 4%, increasing to 29% in those with positive NTM isolation. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common NTM isolated. The mortality rate for these infections remains high at 33%, highlighting the need for continued vigilance and treatment improvements. Text is machine generated and may contain inaccuracies. FAQ

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