Experimental and Simulation Study on Combustion Characteristics of Thermal Runaway Gas of Energy Storage Batteries

Le résumé fourni par la source

The application scale of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in energy storage power stations is constantly expanding, which has led to a continuous increase in society’s attention to occasional fire incidents. The gases emitted during LIB thermal runaway (TR) exhibit significant flammability and explosivity. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of their combustion and explosion characteristics is imperative for guiding fire safety design in energy storage facilities. This study takes the 280Ah lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries as the research object. Based on the thermal runaway gas production experimental platform, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the characteristics of thermal runaway gas production and its component ratios were analyzed. The combustion characteristics were experimentally investigated using a combustion speed tester and a flammability limits tester. Results indicate that the peak flame propagation speed of gases reaches approximately 76 cm/s, with a maximum combustion pressure of 0.7 MPa (7 atm) and a Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of about 7.2%, signifying substantial combustion and explosion risks. Furthermore, CHEMKIN simulations were employed to model combustion parameters, proposing a criterion for calculating the LFL based on adiabatic flame temperature. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental values, and the relative error is less than 5%. This research provides a methodological framework for estimating combustion and explosion parameters of TR gases and offers fundamental data references for designing safety systems, particularly containers, in energy storage stations.

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