Incidence of Rheumatoid-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients Receiving Janus Kinase Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Résumé fourni par la source

Background: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are immune-modulating therapies increasingly used in managing rheumatological conditions. Their impact on the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) remains unclear. Research suggests a higher incidence of new ILD among JAKi users compared to alternative biologics. Aim and objectives To assess the incidence of RA-ILD among patients receiving JAKi for rheumatoid disease and to explore whether JAKi use influences the progression of pre-existing lung disease. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed data from 74 patients with rheumatoid disease receiving JAKi therapy. The primary outcome was development of RA-ILD confirmed through clinical and radiological evaluation. Progression of pre-existing lung disease was also evaluated. Results: Clinically significant RA-ILD developed in 2 of the patients receiving JAKi. In 3 patients with pre-existing lung disease, no progression was observed following JAKi initiation. Among the cohort, 47 (63.5%) had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, with the remainder having another form of arthritis. Chest radiography was performed in 68 patients (91.2%), while computed tomography (CT) was performed for 24 patients (32.4%), of whom 8 demonstrated abnormal findings. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were conducted in 25 patients (33.7%). Conclusion: JAKi use appears safe for patients with pre-existing RA-ILD, showing no evidence of disease progression. Their role in preventing the onset of RA-ILD remains uncertain. Further research is warranted to clarify their impact on ILD development in rheumatoid patients.

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