Impact of Pollen Sensitization on Allergic Asthma Phenotype: A Comparative Analysis

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Introduction: Pollen sensitization is a major cause of allergic asthma, but its impact on clinical phenotype remains incompletely characterized. Objective: To compare clinical and epidemiological characteristics of asthmatic patients according to their pollen sensitization status. Methods: A comparative study including 200 allergic asthmatic patients at Tunisia military hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on pollen sensitization, determined by skin tests. Results: In a total population of 200 patients (54.5% male, mean age 18.07±11.73 years), 31% were pollen-sensitized. Sensitized patients did not significantly differ from non-sensitized in mean age (19.6±12.48 vs 17.11±11.26 years, p=0.1), gender ratio (1.38 vs 1.15, p=0.5), or asthma severity (mild asthma: 56.45% vs 56.59%, p=0.9). Clinical manifestations were comparable, with predominant dyspnea (88.71% vs 87.6%, p=0.8) and wheezing (82.26% vs 80.62%, p=0.7). Allergic rhinitis (95.16% vs 92.25%, p=0.4) and conjunctivitis (58.06% vs 45.74%, p=0.1) were also similar. Only polysensitization was significantly higher in pollen-sensitized patients (90.32% vs 17.05%, p<10-3). Conclusion: Pollen sensitization is primarily associated with a polysensitization profile, without major impact on asthma's clinical presentation.

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