Endothelial functional assessment through flow-mediated dilation in people living with HIV after treatment for pulmonary-tuberculosis: preliminary insights from an ongoing study

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Introduction: How do endothelial function, body composition, and exercise capacity collectively define physical and vascular impairments in people living with HIV after tuberculosis treatment? Methods: Preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study assessing physical and vascular functions in people living with HIV who completed tuberculosis treatment. Adults aged 18 or older, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and who completed pulmonary TB treatment at least six months earlier were recruited. Assessments included body composition, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) via brachial artery ultrasonography (GE Vivid IQ R6, USA), and exercise capacity through the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 46.7 (SD: 6.9) years, 70% male. The mean CD4 count was 434 (159) cells/mm³. The average time between TB diagnosis and treatment initiation was 4.8 (10.2) days; from treatment completion to study assessment, 1,587 (1,365) days. Endothelial function results indicated a mean FMD of 4.8% (3.5), shear rate of 107 s⁻¹ (58), and pre-and post-flow velocities of 10.6 (5.4) cm/sec and 46 (14) cm/sec, respectively. The initial artery diameter averaged 4.07 (0.61) mm. Conclusions: This study reveals notable impairments in endothelial function and exercise capacity in people living with HIV after TB treatment. Further research with a larger sample, including HIV-negative individuals with post-TB lung disease (PTLD), is essential to deepen understanding.

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