Bovine amnion-alginate sponge (BAAS) as a modern wound dressing: Pilot study of functional groups and BAAS formulation effects on basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-6 levels

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Background/Aim: Chronic wounds are a significant health burden, impacting millions globally and incurring high healthcare costs. Bovine amnion membrane (BAM) offers anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and bioactive growth factors, making it a promising candidate for wound healing applications. At the same time, alginate enhances the stabilisation and delivery of growth factors. This study aimed to characterise a bovine-amnion-alginate sponge (BAAS) by analysing its functional groups and evaluating the interleukin-6 (IL -6) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels in different ratios. Methods: A laboratory-based experimental study with a randomised, post-test-only design was conducted. BAAS at ratios of 25 %: 75 %, 50 %: 50 % and 75 %: 25 % were crosslinked with CaCl2. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to assess functional groups and provide insights into the molecular composition of the samples. Meanwhile, the biomolecules of IL-6 and bFGF levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Chemical functional group analysis using FTIR confirmed ionic bonding between Ca²+ ions and carboxylate groups, glycosidic stability and enhanced hydrophilicity in BAM-rich formulations. IL-6 levels were 45, 49 and 56 pg/mL, while bFGF levels were 42, 46 and 52 pg/mL for BAM-alginate ratios of 25 %: 75 %, 50 %: 50 % and 75 %: 25 %, respectively. No IL-6 or bFGF was detected in the pure alginate control. Conclusion: BAAS formulations demonstrate the interplay between functional groups identified in FTIR spectra and cytokine/growth factor modulation observed in ELISA as evidence that its composition can be tailored to address specific phases of wound healing.

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