Helicobacter pylori gastritis: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects at the Niamey General Referral Hospital

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Introduction : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection is the most widespread disease in the world according to the WHO. The aim of our study was to contribute to the study of the diagnostic aspects of chronic gastritis induced by H. pylori at the General Referral Hospital (HGR). Methodology: We conducted a prospective, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study over a one-year period, from October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022. Results: We collected 143 cases of chronic gastritis, representing a frequency of 7.84%. The mean age was 44.5 years, with a range from 11 to 78 years. Females predominated in 54% of cases (n=80), with a male-to-female ratio of 0.79. Epigastric pain was the most frequent symptom, present in 74.683% of cases (n=107). Endoscopically, lesions were predominantly located in the antrum in 53.85% (n=77), mostly presenting as erythema in 90.91% (n=130). Histologically, inflammation was present in 100% (n=143), of moderate intensity in 75.52% (n=108), and associated with H. pylori in 70.63% (n=101). The urease test was positive in 62.22%, the stool antigen test in 54.34%, and serology in 76.92% of cases. Conclusion: Given the frequency of gastric pathologies related to H. pylori infection, the implementation of a diagnostic protocol adapted to our context would allow for improved management. Keywords: chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, HGR, Niamey.

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