Effect of cognitive frailty on falls, hospitalization, and disability among older adults in nursing homes: a prospective cohort study

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Objectives A higher prevalence of cognitive frailty exists among geriatric residents in nursing homes that provide long-term residential care for older adults. However, research specifically focused on examining the effects of cognitive frailty on adverse outcomes among older adults residing in nursing homes remains limited.Method A prospective cohort study was conducted among 638 older adults with intact cognitive function in nursing homes. Cognitive frailty was identified using the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and the Minimal Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales. After the baseline assessment, adverse outcomes of falls, hospitalizations, and disabilities were tracked over the next 12 months of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to investigate the influence of cognitive frailty on adverse health outcomes in participants.Results The prevalence of cognitive frailty in nursing homes was 31.50%. The older adults with cognitive frailty in nursing homes had a higher likelihood of suffering from falls (HR = 1.538, 95%CI 1.019–2.321, p = 0.040), hospitalization (HR = 1.597, 95%CI 1.140–2.239, p = 0.007), and disability (HR = 1.718, 95%CI 1.061–2.780, p = 0.028).Conclusion Cognitive frailty is a significant independent predictor of adverse outcomes, including falls, hospitalization, and disability in nursing home residents, necessitating timely interventions.

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