Ionic Polymers Intercalated into Porous Carbon Nanocages for Enhanced CO 2 Chemical Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates at Atmospheric Pressure

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Carbon materials have been widely employed in CO 2 adsorption and catalysis due to their high specific surface area and favorable physicochemical properties. In this study, a hollow carbon nanocage (hCNC) was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using benzene as the carbon precursor and MgO nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. Subsequently, hydroxyl-functionalized ion polymers (PILs–OH) were incorporated in situ into the hCNC to fabricate heterogeneous PILs–OH@hCNC catalysts for CO 2 conversion. The resulting PILs–OH@hCNC-55 catalyst exhibited a significantly enhanced specific surface area (282 m 2 ·g –1, compared to 5 m 2 ·g –1 for PILs–OH), which facilitates greater exposure of active sites. This catalyst effectively promoted the cycloaddition of CO 2 with various epoxides under atmospheric pressure at 90 °C, achieving product yields of up to 98.8% and selectivity exceeding 99%, even under 10-fold scale-up conditions. Moreover, PILs–OH@hCNC-55 retained its catalytic performance over five consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability, structural stability, and regenerability. Based on in situ FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic analyses, the reaction mechanism was elucidated, revealing a synergistic effect between the PILs–OH and the carbon support. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of efficient and robust heterogeneous catalysts for CO 2 conversion, highlighting the potential of carbon-based nanomaterials in sustainable catalytic applications.

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