Role of cardiovascular diseases and other causes of death in life expectancy changes among elderly Muscovites

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Aim. To assess the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other causes of death on life expectancy among elderly Muscovites over the past 15 years using population and demographic studies. Material and methods. An analysis of the population-based study "Stress, Aging, and Health" (survey in 2007-2009; endpoints’ collection in 2024) and official statistics (2009 and 2023) was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 and Excel 2024. Results. According to the population-based study, CVD increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 1,87 times in men and 1,47 times in women. A similar effect was observed for mental disorders (hazardratios (HR) =1,49 and 1,24 for men and women, respectively). According to the demographic study, average life expectancy (ALE) in Moscow increased by 7,4 years for men and 5,1 years for women from 2009 to 2023. The main contribution to the increase in ALE was made by a decrease in mortality from CVD and cancer. Mental disorders also contributed to an increase in life expectancy by 0,139 years, predominantly in women. Conclusion. Although CVD remains the leading cause of death in the elderly, current treatment and preventive measures demonstrate effectiveness. At the same time, the data obtained highlight the need to develop measures for the early detection and treatment of diseases specific to older adults, such as cognitive impairment and geriatric depression.

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