Factores bióticos y abióticos que determinan la presencia de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares en agroecosistemas tropicales de Tabasco, México

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Background. Climate Change (CC) is a major threat to tropical biodiversity, with projections of up to 4.8 °C warming by the end of the century. Both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems will be affected, particularly soil biota. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), symbionts associated with 90% of terrestrial plants, are highly sensitive to temperature, soil moisture, and edaphic properties, as well as intensive agricultural practices that degrade their communities. Tree presence in agroecosystems can create more favorable conditions for AMF development. Objective. To evaluate the influence of tree cover, microclimatic variables, and soil properties on the composition and diversity of AMF communities in tropical agroecosystems of southeastern Mexico. Methodology. Microclimate, soil properties, tree cover, and AMF communities were compared across six agroecosystems (Acahual, Home Garden, Milpa, Pasture, Forest Plantation, and Conserved Vegetation) located in the Usumacinta Canyon Flora and Fauna Protection Area, Tabasco, México. Composite soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected for physical and chemical analyses and morphological characterization of AMF. Results. Significant differences were observed in air and soil humidity and temperature, as well as in sand and potassium content. Tree density was highest in Conserved Vegetation, while Acahual had the greatest diversity. AMF spore abundance did not vary significantly, but morphospecies richness did. Positive correlations were found between cation exchange capacity and organic matter with AMF spore abundance and richness, respectively. Soil moisture correlated negatively with richness, and these variables were linked to tree cover. Implications. These findings provide evidence for sustainable management strategies that incorporate trees into tropical agroecosystems, enhancing microclimatic regulation, soil quality, and AMF communities, thereby contributing to resilience against CC. Conclusion. The composition of AMF communities is indirectly affected by tree diversity by modifying the microclimates and soil properties of tropical agroecosystems.