Novel Approaches for Preserving Perioperative Brain Health of Elderly Patients and the Role of Anesthesiologists

Le résumé fourni par la source

In modern anesthesia care, protecting perioperative brain health has become a primary priority. Preventing anesthesia and surgery related cognitive changes is crucial in protecting perioperative brain health. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are one of the most common neurological complications, particularly in elderly surgical patients, significantly affecting patient morbidity, mortality, and functional independence. Today, perioperative brain health in this patient group is no longer viewed solely as a neurological outcome but also as an indicator of patient safety and quality. Furthermore, it is known that PND is multifactorial but preventable. The best outcomes are achieved through a holistic approach involving early screening and risk assessment, the use of non-pharmacological multimodal intervention packages, medication and physiological optimization, the creation of institutional models, and multidisciplinary workflows. As an important part of the perioperative team, anesthesiologists should be leaders in every link of this chain. This review aims to summarize current approaches to preventing and managing PND in elderly surgical patients to protect perioperative brain health, emphasizing the contributions of anesthesiologists in their preventive and therapeutic roles. Keywords: Perioperative brain health, perioperative neurocognitive disorders, postoperative delirium, perioperative medicine, elderly patient, anesthesia management

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