Comparative Outcomes of Brachyury Vaccine vs. Imatinib in Advanced Chordoma: A Mayo Clinic Experience

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Background/Objectives: Chordoma, a rare slow-growing malignant bone tumor, remains therapeutically challenging due to its invasive nature. We examined institutional outcomes comparing imatinib and brachyury-directed vaccines. Methods: We used data from three sites of our quaternary care academic institution to analyze demographics, time to progression, overall survival, and adverse events in chordoma patients treated with imatinib or enrolled in a brachyury vaccine trial. Results: We included a total of 52 patients (8 in the brachyury vaccine cohort and 44 in the imatinib cohort) in the analysis. As expected, sacrococcygeal location was the most predominant in both cohorts: 62.5% in the brachyury cohort and 45.5% in the imatinib cohort. No demographic differences were present between the cohorts. ECOG was similar in both groups (p = 0.796). The primary outcome, time to progression (TTP), was shorter in the brachyury compared to the imatinib cohort (5.6 vs. 13 months, p = 0.0589), almost reaching statistical significance. Overall survival (OS) was comparable, 211 vs. 212 months for the brachyury and imatinib cohorts, respectively (p = 0.277). Although the brachyury vaccine cohort presented a higher incidence of adverse events than the imatinib cohort (75% vs. 31.8%, p = 0.021), the severity was milder. Conclusions: Imatinib showed longer disease control than the brachyury vaccine, though overall survival was similar. Future studies and deeper molecular insights are essential to develop better therapies and improve patient quality of life.

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