Boosting Efficient Nitrate Electrosynthesis by Pb/PdO‐TiO2@2‐MeIm/PPy/GO

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Abstract Nitrate is vital in agriculture and industry, but the traditional Ostwald process for nitric acid production is energy‐intensive and environmentally harmful. As a more sustainable alternative, the electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) converts N 2 into nitrate under mild conditions using specific catalysts. Recent advancements have demonstrated that Pd and TiO 2 nanoparticles anchored on 2‐methylimidazolium functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide (2‐MeIm/PPy/GO) exhibit NOR activity. However, limited loading capacity under room temperature conditions hampers performance. This study improves catalytic efficiency using a hydrothermal method, achieving a maximum nitrate yield of 34.14 µg h −1 mg −1 act. at 2.04 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode). and a Faraday efficiency of 5.28%. Characterization reveals that Pd sites facilitate N 2 conversion, while TiO 2 supports the necessary oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.

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