MMS Observations of the Energetic Particles Within Kelvin‐Helmholtz Waves at the Boundary of the 10 May 2024 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)

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Abstract On 10 May 2024, Earth was hit by a CME that drove the largest geomagnetic storm in 20 years. Multi‐spacecraft observations previously showed that the ∼100 nT north‐south IMF variation was driven by Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves with wavelength ∼250 and reconnection jets in the ‐direction (Nykyri, 2024a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110477 ). Here we show that Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), located upstream of the Earth's bow shock at , detected additional reconnection jets not seen by ARTEMIS at lunar orbit ∼60 away, perpendicular to CME propagation. One jet coincided with high‐energy ions and electrons streaming anti‐parallel to the magnetic field. The ions showed dispersion followed by apparent counter‐dispersion, whereas electrons above 100 keV arrived nearly simultaneously. Strong electromagnetic wave activity between these phases is consistent with magnetosonic‐Whistler waves, suggesting that MMS traversed very near the particle acceleration region.

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