Two-Stage Coprime Matching Angle-of-Arrival Estimation for Hybrid Analog and Digital Arrays

Le résumé fourni par la source

This paper proposes a novel angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation approach for planar antenna arrays with hybrid analog and digital architectures. Although such array structure can significantly reduce system cost and hardware complexity compared to the traditional fully digital arrays, in terms of AoA estimation, the available degree-of-freedom (DoF) is also reduced since the received signals are combined in the analog domain before digital processing, introducing fundamental challenges including angle ambiguity and limited multi-source resolution capability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a two-stage coprime matching estimator that systematically eliminates angle ambiguity through strategic analog beamforming and effectively extracts the exact AoA information even in challenging multi-source scenarios. Furthermore, we derive the closed-form expression of the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for two-dimensional AoA estimation in planar hybrid arrays, providing a theoretical performance benchmark that accounts for both azimuth and elevation angles. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves superior multi-source resolution and estimation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods, while asymptotically approaching the CRLB.

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