Synthesis: Ecological Connectivity in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS)

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This chapter provides the synthesis of the findings from the 12 case studies presented in this volume. It addresses the following questions: (1) how ecological connectivity is conceptualized in the context of managing socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS); (2) how to measure and evaluate ecological connectivity and monitor its level and progress for benefiting people and nature through managing SEPLS; and (3) how challenges are addressed and opportunities are seized to ensure and enhance ecological connectivity through managing SEPLS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and human well-being. Building on the synthesis of the case study findings, this chapter also offers policy recommendations that could support favoring ecological connectivity to ensure ecologically and socially sound outcomes. These recommendations illustrate ways to help simultaneously achieve multiple global goals and targets for sustainability and biodiversity, including the sustainable development goals (SDGs) (e.g., SDGs 1, 2, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 17) and the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (e.g., Goal A, Targets 1, 2, 3, and 11).