Smoking and Risk of Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Le résumé fourni par la source

Purpose Uveitis is a relatively common eye condition that can lead to substantial symptoms and visual impairment. Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the causal role of smoking in uveitis by summarizing existing evidence on its impact on pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment outcomes.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase in December 2024. Studies were eligible if they included an ophthalmologist-confirmed diagnosis of uveitis and reported on smoking exposure. Exclusion criteria were pediatric populations, case reports/series, interventional studies, and studies involving patients with systemic disease to minimize confounding. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and a pre-registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD42025641517). Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan, with heterogeneity evaluated by I2. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology.Results Of 892 articles screened, seven met inclusion criteria: four retrospective case-control studies, one retrospective cohort study, and two cross-sectional studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between smoking and uveitis was 1.97 (95% CI, 1.71–2.27) across 1557 individuals with uveitis and 4293 controls. The effect was statistically significant (Z = 9.42; p < 0.00001). Former smokers also had an increased risk (OR 1.23), and smokers showed a tendency toward more complications.Conclusion Smoking is a significant and modifiable risk factor for uveitis. These findings support the integration of smoking cessation into clinical management and prevention strategies.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.