Applications of CRISPR in Crop Improvement and Global Food Security

Résumé fourni par la source

In view of the growing world population, climate change, and shrinking fertile land, climate-smart, and high-yielding crops are urgently needed. Agriculture must continue to supply food, feed, and raw materials to sustain the world, in spite of all the challenges arising from both the biotic and abiotic stress factors. The use of conventional breeding techniques to cope with stress factors remains a challenge. However, genome editing based on CRISPR-Cas9 provides a revolutionary answer. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in improving crop traits to ensure global food security. Moreover, it highlights the value of bioinformatics in CRISPR applications and delves into the regulations governing the application of CRISPR and the ethical concerns, and consumer acceptance of the products. Using contemporary sequencing tools, scientists can accurately, and rapidly modify crop genes to confer traits such as nutritional quality, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Feeding a growing global population, achieving sustainability targets, and potentially lessening the consequences of climate change, CRISPR-based genome editing offers tremendous agricultural opportunities for breeding crops across the food supply chain that could benefit larger segments of the population. In addition, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been applied in the regulation of genes, the domestication of plants, and the reduction of pesticide usage in crop production.

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