Epidemiological Trends and Disease Burden of Multiple Myeloma in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: A Global Study from 1990 to 2021

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BACKGROUND: The burden of multiple myeloma (MM) in middle-aged and older adults is rising with global aging. This study aimed to assess the global burden and trends of MM from 1990 to 2021, focusing on morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were used, stratified by region, age, and sex. The study focused on individuals over 55 years of age. Trends were analyzed using age-standardized annual percentage change (EAPC) and Bayesian age-partitioned cohort (BAPC) models. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, MM cases, deaths, and DALYs doubled in middle-aged and older adults. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs showed significant upward trends. Intermediate socio demographic index (SDI) regions had the highest increase in incidence (2.27 per year). The USA accounted for 20% of the global burden. The disease burden peaked in those aged 65-74. Projections suggest a potential decline in global MM burden by 2050. CONCLUSIONS: MM has become a significant global health burden, with notable regional, gender, and age variations. Targeted strategies are crucial for improving prognosis, particularly in elderly populations.

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