Accès ouvert déclaré
2025
preprint
An extremely soft and weak fast X-ray transient associated with a luminous supernova
W. -X. Li, Z. -P. Zhu, Xingzhu Zou, Jin-Jun Geng, L. -D. Liu, Yonghong Wang, Rui Li, D. Xu, Hui Sun, X. -F. Wang, Yong Yu, B. Zhang, X. -F. Wu, Yue Yang, A. V. Filippenko, X. -W. Liu, Weimin Yuan, David S. Aguado, Jie An, Tao An, D. A. H. Buckley, A.J. Castro-Tirado, Shao-Yu Fu, J. P. U. Fynbo, D. A. Howell, Jiaqi Hu, Shuai-Qing Jiang, Amit Kumar, J. -R. Mao, J. R. Maund, X. Liu, Brenna Mockler, A. Moskvitin, Michael Benjamin Andrews, Clécio R. Bom, Thomas G. Brink, K. Chatterjee, Yiqun Chen, Haiyang Cheng, J. Cooke, Lixin Dai, Guohong Du, Nicolas Erasmus, J. Farah, V. Goranskij, Maria Gritsevich, M. H. Gu, Ziyuan Guo, E. Hsiao, Y. -D. Hu, Yan-Qiao Hua, W. V. Jacobson-Galán, S. M. Jia, Chao Jin, M. M. Kasliwal, C. D. Kilpatrick, B. Kumar, Wei‐Hua Lei, Cheng Li, D. -Y. Li, Leping Li, Z. X. Ling, Q. Liu, Yueqiang Liu, Yang Liu, A. López-Oramas, O. A. Maslennikova, C. McCully, I. M. Monageng, M. Newsone, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Haiwu Pan, Haibing Peng, G. Pignata, F. Poidevin, S. B. Potter, I. Pérez-Fournon, L. Santana-Silva, Angelo Santos, Chao Song, Fangfang Song, O. I. Spiridonova, Ning-Chen Sun, X. -J. Sun, G. Terreran, Lingzhi Wang, Lifeng Wang, Bo Wang, Zirong Wang, Guang-Lei Wu, Hubing Xiao, Yingjie Xu, Shuwen Xue, S. -Y. Yan, You Yang, Lu Yu, Y. -H. Zhang, Chongjie Zhang, Jin Zhang, J. -J. Zhang, WeiKang Zheng, Hu Zou
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Le résumé fourni par la source
Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), including their subclasses of low-luminosity GRBs (LL-GRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) characterized by low spectral peak energies, are known to be associated with broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL), which result from the core collapse of massive stars that lose their outer hydrogen and helium envelopes. However, the soft and weak end of the GRB/XRF population remains largely unexplored, due to the limited sensitivity to soft X-ray emission. Here we report the discovery of a fast X-ray transient, EP250108a, detected by the Einstein Probe (EP) in the soft X-ray band at redshift $z = 0.176$, which was followed up by extensive multiband observations. EP250108a shares similar X-ray luminosity as XRF\,060218, the prototype of XRFs, but it extends GRBs/XRFs down to the unprecedentedly soft and weak regimes, with its $E_{\rm peak} \lesssim 1.8\,\mathrm{keV}$ and $E_{\rm iso} \lesssim 10^{49}\, \mathrm{erg}$, respectively. Meanwhile, EP250108a is found to be associated with SN\,2025kg, one of the most luminous and possibly magnetar-powered SNe Ic-BL detected so far. Modeling of the well-sampled optical light curves favors a mildly relativistic outflow as the origin of this event. This discovery demonstrates that EP, with its unique capability, is opening a new observational window into the diverse outcomes of death of massive stars.
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Les sujets associés
Laser-Plasma Interactions and DiagnosticsParticle Accelerators and Free-Electron LasersAtomic and Subatomic Physics Research