Defects and Interface Engineering of MXenes : Heterojunction Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

Résumé fourni par la source

Hydrogen production is increasingly recognized as a promising means of clean energy that is benign to the environment. This is a versatile and abundant energy source that has significant potential to reduce the carbon emission into the atmosphere. There are some key methods for hydrogen production that includes steam-methane reforming, coal gasification, biomass gasification, electrolysis, etc., each with varying environmental impacts. Hydrogen is widely considered to be one of the most promising preliminary fuels because it is clean and has high energy conversion rate among the other available energy sources. This chapter focuses on various types of defects and interfaces such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries that significantly enhance the catalytic activity by providing active sites for yielding higher hydrogen production. Also, the interface between the different types of doped and composite materials plays a key role in improving the efficiency of hydrogen production. Defects and interfaces can be critically manipulated in nanomaterials thereby aiding to tailor the desired properties. This chapter describes how the defects create active sites which lowers the energy barrier and how interfaces improve the charge transfer and stability of the related materials. Control of defects like vacancies, dislocations, and surface asperities offers both challenges and opportunities to customize the physicochemical aspects of nanomaterials helping to promote its utility for environmental applications.

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