Study on the Effect of Quenching Temperature on the Microstructural Evolution and Wear Resistance of CrWMn Die Steel Under High‐Load Dry Friction Conditions

Résumé fourni par la source

This article investigates the impact of quenching temperature (780–860 °C) on the microstructure and wear resistance of oil‐quenched and 200 °C‐tempered CrWMn die steel. Characterization via scanning electron microscope, EBSD, X‐ray diffractometer, and 3D profilometry revealed that quenching temperature influences austenite grain size, dislocation density, and retained austenite content, leading to a “grain refinement–high dislocation density–residual austenite” strengthening synergy. Optimal properties are achieved at 820 °C, with a minimum grain size of 0.86 μm and a peak dislocation density of 13.02 × 10 14 m −2 . The 820 °C sample, exhibiting 4.9% retained austenite, demonstrated the highest microhardness (629 HV) and lowest wear volume, outperforming 780 and 860 °C samples by 8.4%–13.7% in hardness and 15.2%–32.6% in wear resistance. While the 820 °C sample had a friction coefficient of 0.38, its wear track stability is superior, with primarily three‐body abrasive wear. Deviations from 820 °C led to unstable friction and transitions to more severe wear mechanisms. The optimal heat treatment for CrWMn steel under high‐load dry friction is oil quenching at 820 °C followed by tempering at 200 °C for 2 h.

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