Efficacy and safety of combination immunotherapy for treating advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study in Japan

Le résumé fourni par la source

This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) who were histologically diagnosed with non-clear cell carcinoma (nccRCC) and received combination immunotherapy. Oncological outcomes were compared between patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC group) and those with clear cell RCC (cc-RCC group) who received either immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) + ICI combination therapy (ICI + ICI) or ICI + tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (ICI + TKI). This retrospective study analyzed patients with aRCC who received combination immunotherapy as first-line treatment at 12 institutions between August 2018 and November 2023. The primary endpoint was the comparison of overall survival (OS) between the nccRCC and cc-RCC groups. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) in both groups. The median follow-up periods for the nccRCC and cc-RCC groups were 17.7 and 20.4 months, respectively. The median OS was significantly shorter in the nccRCC group compared to the cc-RCC group (27.8 months vs. 62.8 months; p < 0.001). The ORRs in the nccRCC and cc-RCC groups were 52.4% and 63.6%, respectively. Among patients treated with ICI + ICI, the median OS was significantly shorter in the nccRCC group compared to the cc-RCC group (23.5 months vs. 62.8 months; p < 0.001). In the current era of ICI treatment, patients with nccRCC exhibit poorer oncological outcomes than those with cc-RCC. Indications should be evaluated thoroughly before selecting ICI + ICI treatment combinations for these patients.

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