Evaluating the efficacy of rTMS for the management of pain and psychological aspects in non-central nervous system cancer patients: a systematic review

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OBJECTIVES: Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques-particularly repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional pharmacological treatments for pain management in non-central nervous system cancer patients. By modulating neural circuits involved in pain processing through mechanisms of neuroplasticity, these interventions may also improve cognitive functioning, psychological aspects, and quality of life (QoL). The present systematic review aims to investigate the use of rTMS for cancer-related pain and psychological aspects. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic scientific databases-PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Six studies were identified and included, comprising pilot studies, randomized controlled trials, and one randomized clinical trial. PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic review were followed. RESULTS: All these studies investigated the use of rTMS to manage pain and psychological aspects such as QoL in patients with different types of oncological conditions, including breast, non-small cell lung, and gynecological cancer, multiple myeloma, and cell glioma. The results suggest a multidimensional improvement in QoL, well-being, and emotional dimension. Notably, a significant reduction in pain intensity was observed following rTMS treatment across all studies. CONCLUSION: Although limited in number, current studies suggest that rTMS is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for managing cancer-related pain and enhancing psychological well-being. Further high-quality trials are needed to confirm these findings and establish standardized treatment protocols.

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