Disorders of the immune system

Résumé fourni par la source

Introduces clinical disorders of the immune system. Inborn errors of immunity are described using combined T and B lymphocyte deficiency, selected antibody deficiencies, DiGeorge anomaly, Wiskott-Aldrich-related disorders, Chediak?Higashi syndrome, deficient phagocyte functions (chronic granulomatous disease and leukocyte adhesion deficiencies), antibody deficiencies (hypogammaglobulinaemias and agammaglobulinaemias) and diseases associated with defective complement proteins. Autoimmune diseases are defined and classified into organ (examples: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves disease, myasthenia gravis and pernicious anaemia), and systemic types (examples: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis). Immunological hypersensitivities are defined, and the term allergy is discussed. The Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitive disorders is described. Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, anaphylactic shock and allergies to drugs are discussed as examples of type I1, while transfusion reactions are used to illustrate type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivities. Type III or complex-mediated hypersensitivities, are discussed, are namely intrinsic allergic alveolitis, serum sickness and fFarmer?s lung. Type IV or delayed-type hypersensitivities are described, are namely the Mantoux reaction and contact allergies. The signs, symptoms and diagnoses, and as well as outlines of how patients are cared for and the clinical disease treated, are described for all the disorders.

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