The Association of VDR FokI T>C (rs2228570) Gene Variants With T2DM, and Its Complications: Influence on BMI, Oxidative Stress, and Dyslipidemia

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INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI gene variants and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, as well as with oxidative stress parameters. METHODS: We investigated 300 individuals with diabetes with and without neuropathy and retinopathy, and 100 individuals without diabetes. The PCR-RFLP technique was used to determine the genotypes of VDR FokI T>C (rs2228570). The oxidative stress parameters were measured using chemical methods. RESULTS: In individuals with diabetes, there were significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) and oxidative stress than in controls. The presence of the FokI CC genotype and the C allele were associated with 2.46 times and 1.6-fold increased risk of T2DM, respectively, and enhanced diabetic neuropathy risk by 3.41- and 3.68-fold, respectively, and elevated diabetic retinopathy risk by 2.45 and 1.59 times, respectively. The presence of FokI TC + CC compared to the TT genotype resulted in higher triglycerides, total oxidative status, and BMI levels in individuals with diabetes. We found significantly higher BMI, oxidative stress index, and significantly lower levels of total antioxidant capacity in females than in males among individuals with diabetes and controls. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the FokI CC genotype and the FokI C allele are associated with an increased risk of T2DM and its complications. We observed the influence of VDR FokI variants on dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and BMI. It seems the risk factors of developing T2DM, obesity, and oxidative stress among women are more prevalent than in men.

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