Combustion Rate Regulation and Combustion Characteristics Analysis of Near-Zero Oxygen Balance Tungsten Delay Compositions Based on 1-μm Tungsten Powder for One-Second Delay Time

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To provide energy delay devices with high-precision deterministic delay effects, this study systematically investigated the influence of copper oxide (CuO), diatomaceous earth, and boron nitride (BN) on the burning rate of near-zero oxygen balance tungsten-based delay mixtures using the Pressure-Time (P-T) method. The microscopic morphology of the mixtures was characterized through SEM-EDS. Subsequently, TG-DSC and XRD techniques were employed to analyze the reaction mechanisms of tungsten-based delay mixtures with varying formulations. Finally, four tungsten-based delay formulations achieving a 1-second delay at 3.6 mm diameter were developed. The formulation W/KClO₄/BaC-rO₄/SiO₂/Fluororubber/BN = 34.58/47.32/9.1/5.0/2.0/2.0 wt% designed in this study demonstrated a delay precision of 3.9%, providing a reliable reference for high-accuracy delay time control applications.

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