Pressure Sensing and Kinetic Modeling of Oxygen-Releasing Endoperoxides for Chemically Driven Micro-Actuation

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High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide This work presents a pressure-based sensing framework to directly track and monitor oxygen release from anthracene-endoperoxide (ANT-EPO) decomposition in an aqueous environment. ANT-EPO shows potential as an on-demand gas source for applications in pneumatic actuators and soft robotics. However, its integration into functional systems requires accurate, real-time characterization of oxygen release kinetics. To address this, a sealed measurement chamber coupled with a calibrated low-pressure sensor was employed to enable long-term, continuous tracking of oxygen release under ambient conditions (37 °C) and at room temperature. A multistep signal processing pipeline was implemented to extract meaningful kinetic information from the pressure response resulting from oxygen release. The raw pressure–time signals were processed using an adaptive Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing followed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to recover clean reaction kinetics that were further analyzed using kinetic modeling. The denoised pressure data revealed temperature-sensitive decomposition kinetics, with room temperature experiments exhibiting a sigmoidal profile, well captured by a logistic model ( R 2 = 0.993, RMSE = 0.17 kPa), outperforming a first-order model in capturing this multiphase behavior. In contrast, under constant 37 °C conditions, the pressure rise followed a first-order kinetic profile ( R 2 = 0.995), reflecting accelerated and linear oxygen release kinetics. These findings demonstrate that pressure sensing can serve as a standalone, real-time, and quantitative characterization of oxygen release kinetics, even for slow-reacting systems. This methodology establishes a structured sensing framework combined with a multistage processing pipeline for tracking gas release dynamics and capturing dynamic deviations from ideal kinetics. This study lays the groundwork for pressure-driven actuator designs and advanced feedback control in soft robotic systems, highlighting the broader impact of oxygen-releasing compounds.

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