Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Preschoolers In Urban And Rural Areas Of Beijing: A Cross-sectional Study

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BACKGROUND: The age of 3-6 was the key period of individual growth and development. With the advancement of urbanization in China, the differences in health behaviors among preschool children are gradually narrowing. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the health behavior of preschoolers in Beijing and analyze the characteristics, differences, and potential influencing factors. METHODS: Preschoolers (n = 9935, rural vs. urban: 4917 vs. 5018) aged 3-6 years old were chosen from 16 districts in Beijing and sampled by use of a stratified random sampling method for the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, daily screen time (ST), sociodemographic factors (such as gender, parents’ educational level), parents’ behavior factors (such as mother’s exercise frequency), supportive family environment factors (4 items, parents’ cognition, parents’ value perception, parents’ support, parents’ participation in accompaniment), and community environment indicators (3 items, such as outdoor sports facilities). WHO guidelines of MVPA time (≥1 h/day) and ST (≤1 h/day) were used as evaluation methods of compliance rate. RESULTS: The proportion of preschoolers in urban areas meeting the WHO guidelines of MVPA time and ST were 25.9% and 89.2%, respectively, while in rural areas, it is 9.9% and 88.1%. Rural preschoolers’ MVPA time (36.65 ± 18.41 min/day) was lower than urban preschoolers’ (45.81 ± 20.41 min/day, p < 0.01). Both MVPA time and ST gradually increased with age from 3 to 5 years old (p < 0.01). Boys’ MVPA time and ST were significantly higher than that of girls (p < 0.01), especially in rural areas. Among those factors, community environment indicators had the most significant impact on the urban children’s MVPA and ST with OR values of 3.99 (95%CI: 1.93, 8.30) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.52, 0.81), respectively. For rural children, parents’ support had the most significant impact on MVPA and ST with OR values of 2.59 (95%CI: 1.45, 4.63) and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.22, 0.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Urban preschoolers engaged more MVPA time than rural children. Improved community environment in urban areas and more exercise support provided by parents in rural areas may help preschool children promote physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior. Supported by: The People's Government of Beijing Municipality

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