Investigation of the correlation between multiple physiological signals in the lower limbs during long-term driving

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Objective : Given the importance of driver comfort, health, and driving safety, this research aims to investigate the response mechanisms and correlations of multiple lower limb physiological systems during long-term driving. Methods : Data were collected from 64 healthy male participants in a simulated driving environment. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory was applied as the criterion for inducing fatigue. Lower limb physiological responses were examined based on surface electromyography (sEMG), muscle oxygenation, and blood perfusion data. Results : Lower limb physiological responses exhibited posture-dependent and time-dependent effects. In the supine position, sEMG root-mean-square (RMS) values were high, blood perfusion was adequate, and muscle oxygenation remained stable bilaterally (p>0.05). Changing to the driving posture resulted in significant decreases in blood perfusion and bilateral oxygen saturation (SO 2 ) (p<0.01), reduced RMS values, and a significant increase in left-sided concentration of total hemoglobin (CtHb) (p<0.01) with bilateral differences (p<0.05). As driving time accumulated, blood perfusion continued to decline, while muscle oxygenation and sEMG characteristics exhibited complex changes. After one hour, left-sided SO 2 significantly decreased (p<0.01) with bilateral differences (p<0.05), whilst RMS values of multiple muscles increased. After two hours, bilateral CtHb differences were non-significant (p>0.05), all RMS values increased comparatively, and mean power frequency of certain muscles continued to decline. Conclusion/Significance : This research indicates that long-term driving fatigue exhibits a progressive developmental trend, with lower-limb physiological signals demonstrating a “early compensation, late disorder” physiological regulation mechanism. These findings offer potential solutions for the precise monitoring of driving fatigue and the enhancement of driving safety in automotive research.

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