Renal Failure and Systolic Heart Failure Have Synergistic Effect on In-Hospital All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Normotensive Acute Pulmonary Embolism

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Background/Objectives: Renal failure (RF) and systolic heart failure (sHF) are very often associated with each other, and their synergistic influence can affect the prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between RF, sHF, and in-hospital mortality in patients with normotensive aPE. Methods: We analyzed data from the Regional PE Registry (REPER), and 1968 patients with CT pulmonary angiography-confirmed aPE who had a systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg and higher, and for whom creatinine blood levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured at admission to hospital were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups: the first group comprised patients without renal and systolic heart failure, the second those with RF (creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min), the third those with sHF (LVEF less than 50%), and the fourth those with both RF and sHF. The primary endpoint of this study was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Results: There are significant differences between in-hospital mortality among the groups: 38/1247 (3.0%) vs. 63/514 (12.9%) vs. 10/99 (10.1%) vs. 20/108 (18.5%) (p < 0.001). In the multivariable regression model adjusted for age, right ventricular dysfunction, and troponin levels, the presence of renal failure, sHF, and both were independently associated with in-hospital all-cause mortality with ORs of 3.59 (95%CI 2.04–6.30, p < 0.001) vs. 3.97 (1.71–9.25, p = 0.001) vs. 6.39 (3.15–12.99, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The association of renal failure and systolic heart failure has a deleterious prognosis in patients with normotensive aPE.

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