The Association Between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Severity in Young Patients Undergoing Angiography: A Cross-sectional Study

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Background: The effectiveness of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in reducing blood pressure (BP) is well-established. However, its potential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD) is still up for debate. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the correlation between the DASH diet and the severity of CAD in young patients undergoing coronary disease angiography. Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted at Razi Hospital Center between May 2019 and March 2020. Four hundred fifteen individuals undergoing a coronary angiography procedure were allocated to participate in the investigation using the convenience sampling method. Patients with constriction in at least one vein over 75% were placed in the patient group, while those with normal veins were placed in the normal group. The data were obtained by administering a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the collection of anthropometric indices and blood specimens was conducted after a period of fasting. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Results: Individuals following the DASH diet in the lower tertile had higher CAD and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) than those following it in the higher tertile (P < 0.05). Also, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in individuals who followed a DASH diet compared to those in the first tertile. Conclusions: Reduced severity of coronary artery stenosis was linked to high intake of vegetable protein, fruits, and vegetables while maintaining the Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and WHR within acceptable limits. Furthermore, an increased severity of coronary stenosis is linked to a high intake of meat, sugar, salt, and saturated fats.

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