Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Conventional Root Canal Irrigation System and Metronidazole, with and without Pro-agitator Tip System, in Primary Anterior Teeth: An In Vivo Study

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One of the cornerstones of modern endodontic therapies is the irrigants used in disinfecting the root canals.9 Commonly known intracanal irrigants like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, a mixture of tetracycline isomer, acid, and detergent (MTAD), hydrogen peroxide, and others have been suggested for irrigation of primary teeth.10 More and more research is now IntroductIonUntreated caries in deciduous teeth affect nearly half a billion children globally.1 Deciduous tooth caries are seen in 46.9% and 39.3% of children between the ages of 1 and 4, and 5 and 9 years, respectively.1 One of the mainstay therapies in mutilated primary teeth is pulpectomy.Endodontic procedures differ from adult treatments as the roots of primary teeth have intricate anatomy.The effectiveness of biomechanical preparation is reduced in primary molar roots as they are widely divergent, curved, and fragile roots with limited access.[2][3][4] Failure of endodontic therapy in primary teeth is often due to bacteria that persist in the apical regions of obturated teeth's root canals.5 Bigger voids in the medullary bone facilitate the spread of infection in children.6 Other sequelae of caries are space infections, fever, otitis media, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.For the success of the pulp therapy, adequate cleaning and disinfection have to be achieved.Thus, elimination of bacteria from the root canals becomes the primar y objective of endodontic treatment in primary teeth, achieved by chemomechanical preparations.7 Research indicates that primary root canals requiring retreatment have a polymicrobial infection with a preponderance of anaerobic organisms, the most common being Enterococcus faecalis.

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