Promoting p‐Type PbS as Efficient Candidates for Thermoelectric Cooling and Power Generation

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Abstract Thermoelectric technology holds strategic significance in industrial residual heat recovery and solid‐state cooling. Nonetheless, the broad implementation of the mainstream Bi 2 Te 3 ‐based materials is hindered by tellurium's (Te) low abundance and high expenses. Herein, an economical and abundant p‐type lead sulfide (PbS) compound exhibiting remarkable thermoelectric properties is developed. By utilizing a stepwise strategy involving lattice plainification, trace elemental doping, and band engineering, the optimal p‐type polycrystal PbS exhibits a maximum ZT value of ≈1.0 at 823 K, while the crystal sample prepared via a temperature gradient method attains an unprecedented room‐temperature ZT > 0.4. A novel thermoelectric cooling device is then fabricated utilizing p‐type PbS crystal coupled with n‐type Bi 2 (Te,Se) 3 , which demonstrates a maximum cooling temperature difference ∆ T max of ≈52.0 K under a hot‐side temperature of 343 K. Furthermore, an all‐PbS‐based segmented single‐leg device is constructed integrating low‐temperature crystal with high‐temperature polycrystal. This device exhibits an average ZT of ≈0.7 across a wide temperature range (300–823 K). When subjected to a 400 K temperature gradient (Δ T ), it achieves a peak efficiency of ≈8.4%. Such advancements highlight the immense potential of PbS thermoelectrics in room‐temperature cooling as well as mid‐temperature power generation.

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