Tunable Second-Order Microring Resonator with Asymmetric MZI-Based Coupling for Wavelength Selective Attenuation

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a second-order microring resonator incorporating an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure to achieve tunable coupling coefficients in the coupling region. The device functions as a wavelength-selective optical attenuator with a continuously adjustable attenuation range of 0–30 dB. The resonator exhibits a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.47 nm (~183 GHz in the C-band), while maintaining a highly linear and uniform attenuation response within a 0.4 nm (~50 GHz) spectral window centered at the resonance wavelength. This enables synchronous and flat-top amplitude modulation across the narrowband operational range, ensuring minimal spectral distortion during tuning. The MZI-based coupling adjustment mechanism allows dynamic control over the resonator’s critical coupling condition, facilitating precise trade-offs between extinction ratio and bandwidth. Experimental results confirm the device’s robustness in reconfigurable optical signal processing applications, particularly in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems requiring spectrally selective attenuation.

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