COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccinations Lead to Serological Responses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Independent of the Type of Immunomodulatory Medication

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Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic and the development of vaccines provided the opportunity to monitor disease prevalence and outcomes, vaccinations, their side effects and serological responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: IBD patients of the outpatient clinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg who completed at least one questionnaire on COVID-19 and related vaccinations from July 2021 to August 2022 were included. Spike-IgG antibody titres were determined. Friedman tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. The influence of IBD therapy was analysed using linear models with mixed effects. Results: The cohort included 520 patients (269 females, mean age = 45.3 years, 60.6% with Crohn’s disease, 35.4% with ulcerative colitis, and 4.0% with unclassified IBD). Four hundred eighty patients (92.3%) received at least one COVID-19 vaccination, and 154 patients (29.6%) were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Among all of them, 94.4% achieved seroconversion. Triple-vaccinated patients with additional SARS-CoV-2 infection developed the highest serological responses (χ2 = 16.51, p < 0.001, df = 3). An antibody decay over time was observed after the second (p < 0.001) and third vaccinations (p < 0.001). Regarding individual IBD medications, no differences in mean titres were found after two (χ2 = 6.60, p = 0.36, df = 6) versus three vaccinations (χ2 = 4.97, p = 0.42, df = 5). Linear models with mixed effects revealed no influence of IBD therapies on serological responses. Conclusions: The highest serological responses were observed in IBD patients after three vaccinations plus SARS-CoV-2 infection without significant differences between IBD therapies.

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