Xystrocera festiva ( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae ): A comprehensive review of the albizia borer in Indonesia ; history, biological ecology, impact and management strategies

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Abstract Albizia, Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin (Fabaceae), is a native tree species in the Moluccas and surrounding areas. It was introduced to Java Island through a reforestation programme. Today, this tree has become one of Indonesia's top three tree species in terms of wood production. However, pests severely challenge its cultivation, notably the native stem borer Xystrocera festiva Thomson, 1861 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). This study reviews the history, biological ecology, impact and management strategies for mitigating the impact of X. festiva in Indonesia. Native to the Indomalayan realm in Indonesia, it is restricted to the western islands. Historical records indicate that its presence in Java dates back to 1861 when the beetle species was first described. It exhibited a reliance on pre‐existing indigenous Fabaceae before the introduction of F. falcata in 1871, which later became its primary host. To date, other hosts have been observed only on Fabaceae. While its population growth on native hosts has been slow, it has surged on albizia, triggering outbreaks in many areas and contributing to wood losses. This demonstrates an example of how a minor native pest becomes a major pest on an exotic host due to large‐scale cultivation in a new environment. Broader invasion potential exists through the movement of host plants transported via interregional trade. Our review highlights the importance of sustainable pest management strategies in ensuring the viability of albizia plantations in Indonesia. Selective thinning is considered a promising silvicultural strategy, along with enhancing awareness among forestry stakeholders.

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