Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma evansi with Assessment of Associated Risk Factors in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Across Ten Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Le résumé fourni par la source

Trypanosomiasis significantly impacts camel health and productivity, posing a major challenge to food security in regions with large camel populations. This study investigat-ed the microscopic as well as molecular prevalence, phylogenetic analysis, and risk fac-tors associated with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) infection in 400 randomly selected suspected camels (Camelus dromedarius) from 10 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Blood samples were to microscopic examination of Giemsa / Field’s-stained smears, and a three PCR primer sets (ITS1CF/BR, pMUTec, RoTat 1.2) to detect the presence of T. evansi. PCR-based prevalence was higher (14.8%; CI 11.4-18.6) as compared to the microscopic examination (8.3%; CI 5.7-11.4) of samples. The targeted primers amplified DNA frag-ments of 210, 205, and 478 base pairs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed 100% homology between local isolates and those from India, Sudan, Malaysia, Egypt, and Ken-ya. Risk analysis identified female gender (OR 2.1) and being in Southern Punjab (OR: 1.9) as significant factors associated with disease. Significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total protein (5.51 + 0.05), albumin (2.77 + 0.04), and globulin (2.57 + 0.06) levels were found in PCR positive camels. This study provides new molecular and phylogenetic data on T. evansi in Pakistan.

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