OF CAVITIES AND CARBOHYDRATES : A RETROSPECTIVE EXPLORATION OF TUBERCULOSIS AMIDST POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

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Background: The coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a significant clinical challenge. Hyperglycemia impairs immune function, contributing to delayed sputum conversion and increased morbidity. To analyze the clinico-investigative profile of TB in patients with T2DM and assess the im Objectives: pact of glycemic control on sputum conversion and treatment outcomes. A retrospective observational study wa Methods: s conducted on 15 patients with pulmonary TB and T2DM from August 2024 to January 2025. Clinical presentation, glycemic indices (HbA1c, FBS), imaging findings, anti-diabetic therapy, and sputum conversion time were evaluated. Results: Nine patients (60%) had delayed sputum conversion (≥3 months); all had HbA1c >9%. Ten patients (67%) required insulin therapy. FBS >200 mg/dL was strongly associated with prolonged treatment. One patient with MDR-TB and HbA1c of 12.3% died during therapy. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >9%) correlates with delayed Conclusion: sputum conversion and adverse outcomes. Insulin therapy was beneficial. Integrating diabetes management into TB care protocols is essential.

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