A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Switch to 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine from Lower-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in the French Pediatric Population

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INTRODUCTION: The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) with valency of 20 (PCV20) was approved for pediatric use by the European Commission in 2024. However, PCV20 is not yet implemented into the French infant National Immunization Program (NIP). In this cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared PCV20 under a 3 + 1 schedule to the current standard of care (13-valent PCV [PCV13]) or 15-valent PCV (PCV15), both under a 2 + 1 schedule, for infant vaccination in France. METHODS: The study adopted a multiple-cohort population-level model under the French Collective perspective over a 10-year time horizon. Inputs were sourced from published and unpublished studies conducted in the French population, where available. Clinical outcomes included disease cases (i.e., invasive pneumococcal disease [IPD], inpatient pneumonia, and otitis media [OM]) and deaths. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated on the basis of estimated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for PCV20 3 + 1 versus PCV15 2 + 1 and PCV13 2 + 1 in separate pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: Compared with PCV13 2 + 1 and PCV15 2 + 1, PCV20 3 + 1 was estimated to be dominant, resulting in improved public health and economic outcomes. PCV20 was predicted to prevent more disease cases versus PCV13 (IPD: 13,510; hospitalized pneumonia: 317,136; hospitalized OM: 66,579) and PCV15 (IPD: 11,187; hospitalized pneumonia: 255,790; hospitalized OM: 53,733) and provide cost-savings of €1,567,052,379 and €1,134,653,266 versus PCV13 and PCV15, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study predicted that infant immunization with PCV20 was the most cost-effective option compared with PCV13 and PCV15. These results could help decision-makers implement the optimal PCV strategy in the French pediatric NIP.

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