Peat swamp Ascomycota associated with palms (Arecaceae) from Narathiwat, Thailand

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Peat swamp forests are critical ecosystems that serve as significant carbon stores. However, they are increasingly threatened by deforestation and land-use changes. The peat swamp forests in Narathiwat, southern Thailand, represent the last remaining primary peat swamp ecosystems in the country, yet studies on microfungi in these habitats remain limited and mostly lack molecular data. This study focuses on identifying and characterizing fungi associated with palms, particularly Eleiodoxa conferta, in the peat swamp forests of Narathiwat, Thailand. Based on detailed morphological comparisons and multi-gene phylogenetic studies, we introduce one new genus, Narathiwatomyces, along with 25 new species, viz., Cancellidium narathiwatense, Chaetosphaeria narathiwatensis, Chloridium narathiwatense, Conioscypha narathiwatensis, Daldinia narathiwatensis, Gongromerizella palmicola, Helicoma narathiwatense, H. eleiodoxae, Javarisimilis narathiwatensis, Lentistoma narathiwatense, Longivarius narathiwatensis, Narathiwatomyces confertae, Nawawia narathiwatensis, Neohelicosporium narathiwatense, Ne. arecacearum, Neoleptodontidium narathiwatense, Pseudosaprodesmium narathiwatense, Savoryella narathiwatensis, Stanjehughesia narathiwatensis, Strossmayeria narathiwatensis, Tamhinispora narathiwatensis, Terriera narathiwatensis, Tubeufia narathiwatensis, Vamsapriya narathiwatensis and Yunnanomyces narathiwatensis. Furthermore, we report 16 new records based on host, geographical, or habitat associations. These include 11 previously described species — Ernakulamia cochinensis, Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, La. theobromae, Linocarpon appendiculatum, Longicorpus striataspora, Megacapitula villosa, Neohelicosporium fusisporum, Nigrospora chinensis, Polyancora globosa, Pseudodactylaria longidenticulata, Trichoderma virens — as well as Conioscypha narathiwatensis, Longivarius narathiwatensis, Neoleptodontidium narathiwatense, Terriera narathiwatensis, and Vamsapriya narathiwatensis, which represent the first records of their respective genera on the host family Arecaceae. Each taxon is provided with detailed descriptions and illustrations, along with a concise summary for each family and genus. This study enhances our understanding of fungal diversity in peat swamp forests and validates the identification of species introduced in previous studies, which relied solely on morphological analysis. By incorporating molecular data, it ensures more accurate taxonomic placement

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