Predictors of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly Living with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study in the Urban Area of West Bengal

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INTRODUCTION: In view of the latest evidence, dementia is also regarded as type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM) due to the important role of brain insulin resistance in its pathogenesis. Our study objectives were to find out the proportion and predictors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and T3DM (dementia) among the elderly people living with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending a medical college outpatient department (OPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing elderly patients from diabetes clinic OPD and general medicine OPD of a medical college in West Bengal. Two groups consisting of 70 participants in each, based on their diabetic status, were made. A predesigned, pretested, and semistructured schedule was prepared incorporating the Alzheimer's questionnaire (AQ). Chi-square and logistics regression were used to find the predictors of MCI, T3DM in each group, and the median AQ score was compared using Mann-Whitney U -test. RESULTS: Among people with T2DM (PwD), 27 (38.6%) had MCI, and 17 (24.3%) had T3DM. Among people without T2DM, 45 (64.3%) had normal cognition. There was a significant difference in the median AQ score of both groups. A significant association was found between cognitive status and T2DM status ( P = 0.004). Among diabetics, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 15.38, P = 0.012), primary education (AOR 27.14, P = 0.027), and family history of dementia (AOR 27.65, P = 0.013) were found to be predictors of dementia. CONCLUSION: Significant difference in the proportion of MCI and T3DM among elderly PwD and elderly nondiabetics was noted. Regular screening for T2DM and cognitive status is need of the hour.

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