The potential dual role of platinum nanoparticles in dosimetry and cancer treatment

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Abstract Objective. To investigate the dual role of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in enhancing radiation dosimetry using alanine-based nanocomposites and in increasing the radiosensitivity of melanoma cancer cells. Approach. PtNPs were synthesized and incorporated into L-alanine at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0% (w/w) to form nanocomposites. These materials were characterized by physicochemical techniques and their dosimetric response was evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of PtNPs were assessed in vitro using B16F10 melanoma cells exposed to varying PtNP concentrations and radiation doses. Main results. The Pt precursor concentration influenced nanoparticle size without compromising stability. PtNPs modified the crystallinity of alanine and increased ESR signal intensity, with dose enhancement factors (DEF) of 1.1 ± 0.3, 2.2 ± 0.8, and 2.5 ± 0.9 for 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0% PtNPs, respectively. In cell assays, PtNPs reduced viability at low concentrations and showed maximal radiosensitizing effects at 60 µg · ml−1 combined with 10 Gy irradiation after 24 h. Significance. These findings support the potential of PtNPs to simultaneously enhance ESR-based radiation dosimetry and radiotherapy efficacy through radiosensitization. This dual functionality highlights the value of PtNPs in developing integrated strategies for radiation oncology and personalized medicine.

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