High Prevalence of Self-reported Experience of Violence among School-going Adolescents in Bhutan: A Secondary Analysis of Nationally Representative Global School-based Student Health Survey

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BACKGROUND: Although Bhutan has recently advanced beyond response to preventive services for violence against women and children, there is limited data on adolescent violence to inform policy and interventions, highlighting the need for studies like the 2016 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). METHODS: We have analyzed the Global School-based Student Health Survey-2016, Bhutan, to assess the burden and pattern of violence among school-going adolescents (13-17 years). Two-stage cluster sampling was done; fifty schools were selected based on probability proportional to enrollment size from where classes 7 to 11 were selected using systematic sampling. RESULT: Of the 5808 students, 3255 (56.0%) were female and 3184 (54.8%) were day scholars. Overall, 3528 (60.7%) experienced at least one form of violence, and 2305 (57.7%) had more than one form. Involved in physical fights (39.8%), physically attacks (38.5%), bullied (26.3%), and experienced sexual violence (7.1%) were reported in descending order. The prevalence of bullying and sexual violence did not significantly differ between boys and girls. Adolescents who were younger and have reported suicidal tendency (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR]: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.54-2.13), using tobacco (aPR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.44-2.05), using alcohol (aPR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.36-1.91), boarding students (aPR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.33-1.69), reporting stress (aPR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.15-1.78), poor social support (aPR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13-1.53), male (aPR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.46), and poor parental understanding of the problem (aPR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26) experienced higher prevalence of any violence. CONCLUSION: A higher prevalence of violence among younger and boarding students calls for focused interventions.

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