Fat mass and lean soft tissue mass moderate the association between handgrip strength indexes with bone parameters among adolescent athletes

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Purpose This study explored the moderating role of fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) in the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and bone indicators in adolescent athletes. Methods 100 athletes ([14.0 ± 2.2] years; female, n = 39) from basketball, volleyball, track and field, and swimming – participants of regional sports projects in southern Brazil, were included. Bone mineral content (BMC) was obtained using dual-energy x-ray (DXA) absorptiometry. FM and LSTM were obtained through bioelectrical impedance and included as moderators. HGS was considered as follows: 1) absolute (kg); 2) normalized (relative to body mass - kg/kg); 3) allometric (including body mass and height – kg*kg*ht). Multiple linear regression adjusted for covariates was used to investigate association and interaction analysis. Results Among females, high levels of FM moderated the direct relationship between normalized HGS and cross-sectional area (CSA), ( p < 0.05). Among males, lower LSTM moderates the inverse association between normalized and allometric HGS with femoral neck BMC/height. In contrast, higher LSTM moderates the negative relationship between normalized HGS and both CSA and cross-sectional moment of inertia ( p < 0.05). The negative association between normalized HGS and allometric HGS with whole-body BMC/height was dependent on the combined levels of high FM and low LSTM among males ( p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions The association between normalized HGS and bone among females depends on FM levels. Among males, the association between normalized and allometric HGS and bone may be dependent on LSTM levels or a combination of high FM and low LSTM.

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