Impact of physical capacity, dyspnea, fatigue and psychosocial variations on physical activity practiced in heart transplant patients

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Abstract Introduction Patients after heart transplantation have reduced physical capacity and risk of developing complications. Cardiovascular rehabilitation is recommended to improve exercise capacity. Objective To verify the impact of physical capacity, dyspnea, fatigue and psychosocial variables on physical activity behavior in heart transplant patients. Method Quantitative study, carried out with 27 participants from a Brazilian hospital. Data were collected through six validated instruments (Sociodemographic and clinical characterization, Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire - VSAQ, Modified Dyspnea Index - MDI, Fatigue Pictogram, Leisure-Time Physical Activity - GSLTPAQ and Measurement of psychosocial variables). The study was designed according to the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The local Ethics Committee approved the study. Data were collected after patient consent. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 9.4. For categorical variables, descriptive analysis was performed using frequency tables and position measures, and for quantitative variables, dispersion measures. The level of statistical significance was considered p<0.05. Results There was a predominance of males (66.67%), mean age of 56.81 years and BMI of 27.35 kg/m2. The VSAQ instrument presented a mean score of 6.22, with a mean of 7.33 METs (moderate physical capacity), in addition to a moderate degree of dyspnea (mean MDI score: 6.04) and a moderate degree related to the frequency and intensity of physical activity (GSLTPAQ – 21.56). In the Fatigue Pictogram, 12 participants (44.44%) felt "not at all tired" and 17 individuals (62.96%) "were able to do everything they usually do" in relation to daily activities. . Age showed a moderate negative correlation with the MDI and with the psychosocial variables Attitude and Subjective Norm. The VSAQ showed a strong positive correlation with the METs and a moderate negative correlation with the MDI. BMI showed a moderate negative correlation with both the VSAQ and the METs. In addition, the METs showed a moderate positive correlation with the GSLTPAQ and Self-Efficacy, in addition to a strong positive correlation with the MDI. Finally, the GSLTPAQ showed a correlation with the psychosocial variables, being of strong magnitude with Intention, and moderate with Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control. There was no significant p-value relationship in any of the comparison tests. Conclusion Participants presented moderate impairment of functional capacity and moderate level related to the frequency and intensity of physical activity. All participants presented some degree of dyspnea, with greater frequency in older individuals. Psychosocial variables presented high scores, demonstrating a strong inclination to practice physical exercises.

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